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CESIN Barometer 2026: analysis of cyber threats and cybersecurity trends in France

The CESIN 2026 barometer reveals a paradoxical trend in corporate cybersecurity: while the number of significant cyberattacks is decreasing, their consequences are becoming considerably more severe.

This annual study by the Club des Experts de la Sécurité de l'Information et du Numérique (Club of Information and Digital Security Experts) is an essential reference for understanding the evolution of cyber threats in France.

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Cyber management: risk-based or compliance-based approach?
Compliance
Risks
March 16, 2025
Cyber management: risk-based or compliance-based approach?

"Risk-based approach" and "compliance-based approach": you've probably heard these terms before. They divide the cyber world.

CISO exemption
Compliance
March 3, 2025
How to manage compliance exemptions?

GDPR, LPM, NIS... Companies today are subject to an increasing number of regulatory and compliance frameworks. While these rules are essential to ensuring a high level of security within the organization, they can sometimes hinder the smooth running of operations.

The AI Act: a regulatory revolution for artificial intelligence
Glossary
February 24, 2025
AI Act

In 2024, the European Union undertook to regulate the use of artificial intelligence through the AI Act. This pioneering initiative aims to establish a legal framework for the general use of AI.

[Interview] Law and cybersecurity: an essential synergy
Governance
September 30, 2024
Law and cybersecurity: experts have their say

The law firm Fidal, founded in 1922 (no less!), has specialized in cyber issues for several years. When we met with them, we wanted to know how business law experts approach cybersecurity and its challenges, particularly in terms of regulatory compliance. Gaël Leroux and Cyril Chauvin answer our questions.

NIST-CSF: definition and application
Glossary
September 5, 2024
NIST Cybersecurity Framework

Everyone (or almost everyone) is familiar with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST-CSF). Developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology—a U.S. agency within the Department of Commerce—this framework offers a structured and comprehensive approach to help organizations identify, assess, and manage cyber risks. It is specifically designed to strengthen the security of critical infrastructure, but its application extends to all sectors, regardless of the size of the organization or its field of activity. Let's take a closer look.

Everything you need to know about the CNIL
Glossary
Compliance
September 3, 2024
CNIL

The CNIL (Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés) is a 100% independent French administrative authority. It was created in 1978 to protect personal data and individual freedoms—nothing less.

The CNIL quickly became a key player in the French digital landscape, positioning itself as the number one authority on privacy and personal data regulation in France.

Overview of the CNIL, its history, its missions, and its impact.

NIS 2 Directive under the microscope
Glossary
September 2, 2024
NIS 2

The NIS 2 (Network and Information Security 2) directive has been the talk of the town since its publication in the EU Official Journal on December 27, 2022. And with good reason: it represents a major milestone in the evolution of European cybersecurity regulations, replacing its 2016 predecessor, NIS.

Want to better understand the ins and outs of NIS 2? You've come to the right place!

PCI-DSS: definition and explanations
Glossary
August 30, 2024
PCI DSS

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (also known as PCI-DSS for short) is a set of security standards designed to ensure that all companies accepting, processing, storing, or transmitting credit card information maintain a secure environment.

SOC 2 standard and certification: definition
Compliance
Glossary
August 30, 2024
SOC 2

In today's cyber landscape, it is no longer enough to simply implement protection solutions. Compliance with standards and regulations has quickly become an essential factor in ensuring information security—and therefore user confidence.

Among these standards is SOC 2 (Service Organization Control 2). Less well known in France than in the US, it is nevertheless an essential reference framework for companies, including those in France. Let's take a closer look.

NIS2 Directive: guide to preparing for compliance
Compliance
Glossary
August 30, 2024
The NIS Directive 2 Guide

The NIS 2 Directive is currently the star of cyber discussions... but are you familiar with its predecessor? Because if there is a NIS 2, it means there was a NIS to begin with... And understanding the new directive requires a good understanding of the old one. Here is an overview of NIS, its objectives, and its requirements.

Everything you need to know about the HDS standard
Glossary
August 30, 2024
HDS

In the cyber world, everyone (or almost everyone) has heard of the HDS standard, or Health Data Hosting. And with good reason: this French standard (and its corresponding certification) is a must for companies that process and host health data. Here's an overview.

RGS (General Security Reference System) - Definition
Glossary
August 30, 2024
RGS

The General Security Reference Framework (RGS) is a set of rules, standards, and best practices developed by the French government in February 2010. Its goal? To guarantee the security of information systems used by public administrations, as well as by digital service providers working with them. The aim is to ensure data protection, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authenticity—the ultimate goal being to strengthen user confidence in electronic exchanges with public services. Let's take a closer look.